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Systematic review of melatonin treatment in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities and sleep impairment

Forfatter(e)
Phillips, L. Appleton, R. E
År
2004
DOI
10.1111/j.1469-8749.2004.tb00998.x
Tidsskrift
Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology
Sider
771-5
Kategori(er)
Søvn (inkl. søvnforstyrrelser) Psykisk/fysisk funksjonsnedsettelse
Tiltakstype(r)
Abstract

Sleep disturbances in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities are common and frequently difficult to treat with conventional pharmacological and behavioural methods:

Melatonin is a pineal hormone known to be important in the regulation of the circadian rhythm, including the sleep-wake cycle. This systematic review of available evidence from randomized clinical trials assesses whether melatonin plays a beneficial role in these children and, in particular, its effect on total sleep time, time to sleep onset (sleep latency), and number of awakenings.

We also looked at a parental view of the effect. Randomized clinical trials were identified where oral melatonin was compared with a placebo in children with any type of neurodevelopmental disability and associated sleep disturbance.

Only three studies, reporting a total of 35 children, fulfilled the criteria for inclusion. The two studies that reported time to sleep onset showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in this specific outcome where melatonin was compared with a placebo.

There was no significant effect of melatonin compared with a placebo on the other outcome measures of total sleep time, night-time awakenings, and parental opinions. Despite the extremely limited randomized clinical trial data, melatonin appears to remain a commonly prescribed drug for disturbed sleep in children with neurodevelopmental abnormalities.