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A pilot meta-analysis on self-reported efficacy of neurofeedback for adolescents and adults with ADHD

Forfatter(e)
Fan, H. Y. Sun, C. K. Cheng, Y. S. Chung, W. Tzang, R. F. Chiu, H. J. Ho, C. N. Hung, K. C.
År
2022
DOI
10.1038/s41598-022-14220-y
Tidsskrift
Scientific Reports
Sider
9958
Kategori(er)
ADHD
Tiltakstype(r)
Abstract

Self-reported effectiveness of electroencephalogram-based neurofeedback (EEG-NF) against the core symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents/adults remains unclear.

We searched PubMed, Embase, ClinicalKey, Cochrane CENTRAL, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to August 2021 for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of EEG-NF with self-reported ADHD symptom ratings. Comparators included participants on waitlist/treatment as usual (TAU) or receiving other interventions.

Of the 279 participants (mean age = 23.48; range: 6-60) in five eligible RCTs, 183 received EEG-NF treatment. Forest plot demonstrated no difference in inattention (SMD = -0.11, 95% CI -0.39-0.18, p = 0.46), total score (SMD = -0.08, 95% CI -0.36-0.2, p = 0.56), and hyperactivity/impulsivity (SMD = 0.01, 95% CI -0.23-0.25, p = 0.91) between EEG-NF and comparison groups. Nevertheless, compared with waitlist/TAU, EEG-NF showed better improvement in inattention (SMD = -0.48, 95% CI -0.9--0.06, p = 0.03) but not hyperactivity/impulsivity (SMD = -0.03, 95% CI -0.45-0.38, p = 0.87). Follow-up 6-12 months demonstrated no difference in inattention (SMD = -0.01, 95% CI -0.41-0.38, p = 0.94), total score (SMD = 0.22, 95% CI -0.08-0.52, p = 0.15), and hyperactivity/impulsivity (SMD = -0.01, 95% CI -0.27-0.26, p = 0.96) between the two groups. Dropout rate also showed no difference (RR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.82-1.33, p = 0.72).

Our results support EEG-NF for improving inattention in adolescents/young adults, although its effectiveness against hyperactivity/impulsivity remains inconclusive.